CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Conditional sentence adalah complex sentence (kalimat majemuk) yang dibentuk dari subordinate clause yang diawali dengan subordinate conjunction if berupa condition (syarat) dan main clause berupa result/consequence (hasil).

Ada 4 tipe conditional sentence yang biasa digunakan, yaitu: tipe 1, tipe 2, tipe 3, dan tipe 0. Condition pada conditional sentence tipe 1 mungkin dipenuhi, tipe 2 tidak atau hampir tidak mungkin dipenuhi, tipe 3 tidak mungkin dipenuhi (unreal), sedangkan tipe 0 selalu terwujud karena merupakan scientific fact/kebenaran ilmiah.

Sekarang, yang akan kita bahas adalah conditional sentence tipe 1, tipe 2, dan tipe 3.

A. Conditional Sentence Type 1

Conditional sentence type 1 atau first conditional adalah conditional sentence yang digunakan ketika result/consequence (hasil) dari condition (syarat) memiliki kemungkinan untuk terwujud di masa depan karena condition-nya realistik untuk dipenuhi.

Rumus Conditional Sentence Type 1

Rumus conditional sentence type 1 dapat dilihat sebagai berikut.

if + condition, result/consequence

if + simple present, (will + bare infinitive)/imperative

atau

result/consequence + if + condition

(will + bare infinitive)/imperative + if + simple present

Negatif if + condition

Rumus: if…not dapat digantikan dengan unless.

Contoh Kalimat Conditional Sentence Type 1

+ If I have free time, I will play football with my team.

- If you don’t have free time, you don’t have to play football with us.

? if you have free time, will you play football with us?

B. Conditional sentence type 2

Conditional sentence type 2 atau second conditional adalah conditional sentence yang digunakan ketika result/consequence (hasil) daricondition (syarat) tidak memiliki atau hanya sedikit kemungkinan untuk terwujud karena condition-nya tidak mungkin dipenuhi dimasa sekarang (present unreal situation) ataucondition-nya sulit untuk dipenuhi di masa depan (unlikely to happen).

Rumus Conditional Sentence Type 2

if + condition, result/consequence

if + simple past, would/could/might + bare infinitive

Atau

result/consequence + if + condition Negatif if + condition

would/could/might + bare infinitive + if + simple past

Rumus: if…not dapat digantikan dengan unless.

Contoh Kalimat Conditional Sentence Type 2

+ If Faraz studied hard, she would pass. The fact is but Faraz doesn’t study hard.

- If Faraz didn’t study hard, she wouldn’t pass.

? If Faraz studied hard, would he pass?

Were Menggantikan Was

Pada conditional sentence type 2, were digunakan menggantikan was meskipun subjek yang digunakan merupakan 3rd person pronoun (she, he, it) maupun kata benda tunggal. Hal ini untuk menunjukkan bahwa pengandaiannya benar-benar hanya berupa khayalan semata karena condition-nya tidak mungkin dipenuhi (present unreal situation).

if + condition, result/consequence

if + S + were, would (could/might) + bare infinitive

+ If I were a billionaire, I would buy an island. The fact is but I don’t have much money.

-  If I were a billionaire, I wouldn’t buy an island.

? If you were a billionaire, would you buy an island?

C. Conditional Sentence Type 3

Conditional sentence type 3 atau third conditional adalah conditional sentence yang digunakan ketika result/consequence (hasil) dari condition (syarat) tidak ada kemungkinan terwujud karenacondition-nya harus sudah dipenuhi di masa lalu.

Rumus Conditional Sentence Type 3

Bagian conditional clause (if + condition) menggunakan subordinate conjunction “if” dan past perfect tense, sedangkan bagian main clause (result) menggunakan perfect modal (modal + have + past participle). Berikut rumus conditional sentence type 3.

if + condition, result/consequence

if + past perfect, would/should/could/might have + past participle

atau

result/consequence + if + condition

would/should/could/might have + past participle + if + past perfect

Beberapa contoh kalimat conditional sentence type 3 dapat dilihat sebagai berikut.

+ If I had studied last night, I might have passed the quiz. The fact is but I didn’t study last night.

- If I had studied last night, I wouldn’t fail the quiz.

?  If you had studied last night, would you have passed the quiz?

Source : Disini | Disini | Disini | Disini

Universitas Gunadarma